Turning off validation rules all together is easy:
$model->save(false);
This will not do any validation and will just try and save your model (may still fail on the database side).
But if you want to run some validation ,you might want to look into Scenarios here. They allow you to specify a different set of rules depending on which scenario you initialize the model with. That way you can only turn on/off whole sets of validation rules.
$model = new Thingy();
$model->save(); // All default validation rules
$model = new Thingy('draft');
$model->save(); //Applies all default & "draft" validation rules