Found it: Simply add &pfilter=0 to the URL so it becomes
https://www.google.com/speech-api/v1/recognize?xjerr=1&pfilter=0&client=chromium&lang=en-US"
Note that setting pfilter=0 removes the profanity filter, pfilter = 1 replaces any profanity with '####' (always 4 hash marks), and pfilter = 2 replaces profanity with its first letter and the correct number of asterisks, i.e: b**** or f***.