Because You are trying to do a multiline search. This is not possible with current vQmod. Do only a one line search...
Like:
<modification>
<id>Exibe porcento de desconto</id>
<version>1.0</version>
<vqmver>2.1.5</vqmver>
<author>Oldman</author>
<file name="catalog/view/theme/my_theme/template/product/product.tpl">
<operation>
<search position="before"><![CDATA[<?php if ($price) { ?>]]></search>
<add><![CDATA[ <?php echo 'Before the price if statement!';?>]]></add>
</operation>
</file>
</modification>