Well, part of your issue may be the line here:
%script{:src => "http://dev.jtsage.com/cdn/datebox/latest/jqm-datebox.mode.calbox.min.js", :type => "text/javascript"}
This is loading only the 'calbox' mode. If you want to use flipbox, as in your haml code above, you'd need either/also:
%script{:src => "http://dev.jtsage.com/cdn/datebox/latest/jqm-datebox.mode.flipbox.min.js", :type => "text/javascript"}
Your next issue is (maybe) in the translated code snippet - the data options are surrounded by double quotes, as are each of the items in the object - depending on the browser, it will cause a problem with javascript parsing them. You could decide not to use data-options, and use long options instead... i.e.:
data-datebox-mode="calbox"
(Note: I've not tested the long options in a little while, and don't totally remember how that works - let me know if it fails.)
Otherwise, it might require messing with however haml parser to make it play nice - which is probably more trouble than it's worth (Not sure, I'm not terribly familiar with the product)