Once you've got a IWpfTextView, you can do view.TextViewLines.GetCaretBounds(view.Caret.Position.BufferPosition)
which will give you the position in the "text coordinate system". Adjusting by view.ViewportTop/view.ViewportLeft should give you the position relative to the UIElement that is the view. From there, view.VisualElement.PointToScreen will probably get it to screen coordinates.
I assume you're already figured out that you don't want to embed this UI into the editor directly? Because that's (mildly) easier.