If you want to use general wireless module, like GSM, UMTS, LTE you need to provide standalone hardware with implementation of desired protocols. For GSM you could look into OpenBTS http://openbts.org/ which is free software.
As other communication possibilities, you can use Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html for establishing wifi connectivity.
Communication abilities are based on a chip's specifications, not all wi-fi support this kind of connection. On the other hand you can also establish Bluetooth connectivity.