As @Baxtheman stated, this won't work because the tag is not a client-side HTML tag, but a server-side tag from the aui-taglib.
To dynamically load the contents of the select box you would want to follow these steps:
add an element in your JSP, but make it hidden
<aui:select id="conditions" style="display: none;"><aui:select>
From your javascript, when the event occurs that you want to use to load your second select box, you would select the dropdown box and add the options you wish to it with something like the answer from this post Adding options to select with javascript
Make sure you set the select box to be visible after loading the options.
document.getElementById('<portlet:namespace/>conditions').style.display = 'block';
For more clarity, the reason you're missing information on POST if you add a normal HTML select box, is because of the way the aui:form serializes the data. I believe the ends up with a custom onSubmit that gathers only the aui elements.