When using a SQL named instance, SQL server will negotiate communications over a dynamically assigned port by default. It can also be configured to use a specified port however.
See this related question/answer - port number of SQL Server
Also this - Configure a Server to Listen on a Specific TCP Port (SQL Server Configuration Manager)
If enabled, the default instance of the SQL Server Database Engine listens on TCP port 1433. Named instances of the Database Engine and SQL Server Compact are configured for dynamic ports. This means they select an available port when the SQL Server service is started.
If you do need to open up a port on your firewall then you might want to assign a specific port instead of opening up a range of ports.