Every running program has these three streams:
- Standard input (stdin), which normally comes from the keyboard. Exposed as
System.in
- Standard out (stdout), which normally goes to the console. Exposed as
System.out
- Standard error (stderr), which normally also goes to the console. Exposed as
System.err
Your program is correct – it does print to stderr. But under normal circumstances, the stderr stream goes to the console just like the stdout stream, so they are visually indistinguishable.
However, the reason you should use stderr instead of stdout for error messages, is redirection. That means that you send stderr to a file instead of the console. Meanwhile, stdout will be unaffected, because the two streams are independent.
For example, you can do this in bash, cmd, PowerShell, etc:
$ java Program 2> errors.txt
Now, all output with System.err.println()
will end up in errors.txt
, while System.out.println()
will still go to the screen. This can help with debugging.