You could use Javascript to accomplish this. You could print the value somewhere in the page, hide it with css, and on page load grab it's value and put it into the form field. that would be a quick solution.
Another way (probably your best option) is to write a hook_form_alter function that loads the node, grabs the data from it, and pre-populates the field.
function modulename_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {
if ($form_id == 'webform_client_form_###') {
$node = node_load(#);
$form['ttsubject']['#default_value'] = field_view_field('node', $node, 'field_name');
}
}