As @praveen observed, out of the box you cannot disabled data flow components.
That said, I could see a use case for this, perhaps a secondary source that augments existing data which may or may not be available. If I had that specific need, then I'd need to write a script component which performs the data reading, parsing, casting of data types, etc when a file is present and sends nothing, but keeps the metadata in tact when no source is available.