Well, I was selecting the QScrollBar
with a combination of ID-Selectors and Descendant-Selectors like this:
QTreeWidget#list QScrollBar:vertical {
It worked well in qt designer as supposed to. But something that seems like a bug made it not work in runtime because in runtime Qt decides that my scrollbar is not child of my treewidget anymore and it recognizes the scrollbar as a child of the parent of the treewidget which makes it a sibling of the treewidget (at least its stylesheet manager does so). So selecting it somehow like this:
QScrollBar:vertical {
#centralWidget QScrollBar:vertical { // Where centralWidget is the parent of the treewidget
solved the problem.