Which storage(s) clears on application close (Obviously cache)
Cache
Which storage(s) clears on application re-install
Cache
Which storage(s) clears on application update
Cache
Which storage(s) clears on application un-install
Cache, SQLite, Shared Preferences
Which storage(s) clears on application clear data
Cache, SQLite, Shared Preferences
Which storage(s) clears on mobile factory reset
It clears all, but not External Storage data
An extension to this question is, using which storage my data is more secure in terms of loss and in terms of access by unauthorized resources (users, applications in case of root).
It is best to store the data in the SQLite in the encrypted form. If your device is rooted then it means you can access even the SQLite.