Note: Edited to include @A.B.Cade's suggestion.
Unfortunately you can't directly add a constraint, as the currencies data is available through a system a view. You can, however, create your own table with that information and then create the foreign key. Here's an example of how you can do it.
CREATE TABLE currencies (
country VARCHAR2(30) PRIMARY KEY,
currency VARCHAR2(3) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO currencies
SELECT value country, utl_i18n.get_default_iso_currency(value) currency
FROM v$nls_valid_values
WHERE parameter = 'TERRITORY';
CREATE INDEX currencies_iso_idx ON currencies(currency) COMPUTE STATISTICS;
ALTER TABLE example ADD CONSTRAINT example_currency_fk FOREIGN KEY (currency)
REFERENCES currencies(currency);
The example above includes an index on the currency value, as I suspect that will what you'll be querying on.