Many "things" effect the sie of indexes, from number, size and type of fields to whether the index is unque/sparse etc.
To answer your question directly:
the index on "Y" field will larger than index on "X" field?
Assuming that you have all the "Y" and "X" fields filled in every document in this fashion then the answer will be yes, {Y:1}
will be larger than {X:1}
.