This, for example, works:
(def container (sel1 :#container))
(def integers (iterate inc 0))
(defn set-int! [[x & rs :as nums]]
(when nums
(js/setTimeout
#(do (dommy/set-text! container i)
(set-int! rs))
1000)))
(set-int! integers)
Anyway, what are you trying to accomplish? It is a pretty weird way of making a counter, and you are going to be blowing memory with the infinite sequence.
With an atom it would be much cleaner and efficient:
(def container (sel1 :#container))
(def set-int! (partial dommy/set-text! container))
(def counter (atom 0))
(js/setInterval
#(do (swap! counter inc)
(set-int! @counter))
1000)