Here you go solution for Sublime Text 2
Ruby.tmLanguage (Add)
<dict>
<key>captures</key>
<dict>
<key>1</key>
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>entity.chained.name.function.ruby</string>
</dict>
<key>2</key>
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>variable.chained.parameter.function.ruby</string>
</dict>
<key>3</key>
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>comment</string>
</dict>
</dict>
<key>match</key>
<string>^.*\.(\w+)(.*?)(#.*)*?$</string>
<key>name</key>
<string>meta.function.method.with-arguments.ruby</string>
</dict>
In your Theme File (default is Monokai.thTheme) (Add)
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>Function name</string>
<key>scope</key>
<string>entity.chained.name.function</string>
<key>settings</key>
<dict>
<key>foreground</key>
<string>PUT A HEX COLOR VALUE HERE</string>
</dict>
</dict>
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>Function argument</string>
<key>scope</key>
<string>variable.chained.parameter</string>
<key>settings</key>
<dict>
<key>fontStyle</key>
<string>italic</string>
<key>foreground</key>
<string>PUT A HEX COLOR VALUE HERE</string>
</dict>
</dict>
this will cause the method name to be one color and the argumetns to be another and inline comments to match as comments.
Huge Caveats
This was fun but I don't really feel like exploring further so here are some caveats that could be overcome with a much more complex regex. Highlights the following additional items that are probably not intended by your question.
1.Final Chain Methods Ending in alpha_numeric characters
2.Inline blocks with a space between called method and block
3.Multiline Block keywords and piped variables