Come si usa il “CON” clausola in MySQL?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382573
-
21-09-2019 - |
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sto convertendo tutte le mie domande di SQL Server a MySQL e le mie domande che si sono WITH in essi sono tutti fallendo. Ecco un esempio:
WITH t1 AS
(
SELECT article.*, userinfo.*, category.*
FROM question
INNER JOIN userinfo ON userinfo.user_userid = article.article_ownerid
INNER JOIN category ON article.article_categoryid = category.catid
WHERE article.article_isdeleted = 0
)
SELECT t1.*
FROM t1
ORDER BY t1.article_date DESC
LIMIT 1, 3
Soluzione
MySQL precedente alla versione 8.0 non supporta la clausola WITH (CTE nel linguaggio SQL Server; sottoquery Factoring in Oracle), così si sono lasciati con l'utilizzo di:
- tabelle temporanee
- le tabelle derivate
- viste in linea (in modo efficace quanto la clausola rappresenta - sono intercambiabili)
La richiesta per la funzione risale al 2006.
Come già detto, è fornito un cattivo esempio - non c'è bisogno di effettuare una selezione secondaria se non sta modificando l'uscita delle colonne in alcun modo:
SELECT *
FROM ARTICLE t
JOIN USERINFO ui ON ui.user_userid = t.article_ownerid
JOIN CATEGORY c ON c.catid = t.article_categoryid
WHERE t.published_ind = 0
ORDER BY t.article_date DESC
LIMIT 1, 3
Ecco un esempio migliore:
SELECT t.name,
t.num
FROM TABLE t
JOIN (SELECT c.id
COUNT(*) 'num'
FROM TABLE c
WHERE c.column = 'a'
GROUP BY c.id) ta ON ta.id = t.id
Altri suggerimenti
Gli sviluppatori Mysql team ha annunciato che la versione 8.0 avrà espressioni di tabella comuni in MySQL (CTE) . Così sarà possibile scrivere query come questo:
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<10
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+------+
10 rows in set (0,00 sec)
In SQL l'istruzione with specifica un set di risultati denominato temporaneo, noto come espressione di tabella comune (CTE). Può essere utilizzato per le query ricorsive, ma in questo caso, specifica come sottoinsieme. Se MySQL permette subselectes vorrei provare
select t1.*
from (
SELECT article.*,
userinfo.*,
category.*
FROM question INNER JOIN
userinfo ON userinfo.user_userid=article.article_ownerid INNER JOIN category ON article.article_categoryid=category.catid
WHERE article.article_isdeleted = 0
) t1
ORDER BY t1.article_date DESC Limit 1, 3
Ho seguito il link condiviso da lisachenko e ho trovato un altro link a questo blog: http://guilhembichot.blogspot.co.uk/2013 /11/with-recursive-and-mysql.html
Il post delinea modi di emulare il 2 usi di SQL CON. Davvero buona spiegazione di come questi lavori per fare una query simile a SQL CON.
1) Utilizzare CON quindi non è necessario eseguire la stessa query sub più volte
CREATE VIEW D AS (SELECT YEAR, SUM(SALES) AS S FROM T1 GROUP BY YEAR);
SELECT D1.YEAR, (CASE WHEN D1.S>D2.S THEN 'INCREASE' ELSE 'DECREASE' END) AS TREND
FROM
D AS D1,
D AS D2
WHERE D1.YEAR = D2.YEAR-1;
DROP VIEW D;
2) query ricorsive può essere fatto con una stored procedure che effettua la chiamata simile ad un ricorsiva con query.
CALL WITH_EMULATOR(
"EMPLOYEES_EXTENDED",
"
SELECT ID, NAME, MANAGER_ID, 0 AS REPORTS
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE ID NOT IN (SELECT MANAGER_ID FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE MANAGER_ID IS NOT NULL)
",
"
SELECT M.ID, M.NAME, M.MANAGER_ID, SUM(1+E.REPORTS) AS REPORTS
FROM EMPLOYEES M JOIN EMPLOYEES_EXTENDED E ON M.ID=E.MANAGER_ID
GROUP BY M.ID, M.NAME, M.MANAGER_ID
",
"SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES_EXTENDED",
0,
""
);
E questo è il codice o la stored procedure
# Usage: the standard syntax:
# WITH RECURSIVE recursive_table AS
# (initial_SELECT
# UNION ALL
# recursive_SELECT)
# final_SELECT;
# should be translated by you to
# CALL WITH_EMULATOR(recursive_table, initial_SELECT, recursive_SELECT,
# final_SELECT, 0, "").
# ALGORITHM:
# 1) we have an initial table T0 (actual name is an argument
# "recursive_table"), we fill it with result of initial_SELECT.
# 2) We have a union table U, initially empty.
# 3) Loop:
# add rows of T0 to U,
# run recursive_SELECT based on T0 and put result into table T1,
# if T1 is empty
# then leave loop,
# else swap T0 and T1 (renaming) and empty T1
# 4) Drop T0, T1
# 5) Rename U to T0
# 6) run final select, send relult to client
# This is for *one* recursive table.
# It would be possible to write a SP creating multiple recursive tables.
delimiter |
CREATE PROCEDURE WITH_EMULATOR(
recursive_table varchar(100), # name of recursive table
initial_SELECT varchar(65530), # seed a.k.a. anchor
recursive_SELECT varchar(65530), # recursive member
final_SELECT varchar(65530), # final SELECT on UNION result
max_recursion int unsigned, # safety against infinite loop, use 0 for default
create_table_options varchar(65530) # you can add CREATE-TABLE-time options
# to your recursive_table, to speed up initial/recursive/final SELECTs; example:
# "(KEY(some_column)) ENGINE=MEMORY"
)
BEGIN
declare new_rows int unsigned;
declare show_progress int default 0; # set to 1 to trace/debug execution
declare recursive_table_next varchar(120);
declare recursive_table_union varchar(120);
declare recursive_table_tmp varchar(120);
set recursive_table_next = concat(recursive_table, "_next");
set recursive_table_union = concat(recursive_table, "_union");
set recursive_table_tmp = concat(recursive_table, "_tmp");
# Cleanup any previous failed runs
SET @str =
CONCAT("DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS ", recursive_table, ",",
recursive_table_next, ",", recursive_table_union,
",", recursive_table_tmp);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# If you need to reference recursive_table more than
# once in recursive_SELECT, remove the TEMPORARY word.
SET @str = # create and fill T0
CONCAT("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ", recursive_table, " ",
create_table_options, " AS ", initial_SELECT);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
SET @str = # create U
CONCAT("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ", recursive_table_union, " LIKE ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
SET @str = # create T1
CONCAT("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ", recursive_table_next, " LIKE ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
if max_recursion = 0 then
set max_recursion = 100; # a default to protect the innocent
end if;
recursion: repeat
# add T0 to U (this is always UNION ALL)
SET @str =
CONCAT("INSERT INTO ", recursive_table_union, " SELECT * FROM ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# we are done if max depth reached
set max_recursion = max_recursion - 1;
if not max_recursion then
if show_progress then
select concat("max recursion exceeded");
end if;
leave recursion;
end if;
# fill T1 by applying the recursive SELECT on T0
SET @str =
CONCAT("INSERT INTO ", recursive_table_next, " ", recursive_SELECT);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# we are done if no rows in T1
select row_count() into new_rows;
if show_progress then
select concat(new_rows, " new rows found");
end if;
if not new_rows then
leave recursion;
end if;
# Prepare next iteration:
# T1 becomes T0, to be the source of next run of recursive_SELECT,
# T0 is recycled to be T1.
SET @str =
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", recursive_table, " RENAME ", recursive_table_tmp);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# we use ALTER TABLE RENAME because RENAME TABLE does not support temp tables
SET @str =
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", recursive_table_next, " RENAME ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
SET @str =
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", recursive_table_tmp, " RENAME ", recursive_table_next);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# empty T1
SET @str =
CONCAT("TRUNCATE TABLE ", recursive_table_next);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
until 0 end repeat;
# eliminate T0 and T1
SET @str =
CONCAT("DROP TEMPORARY TABLE ", recursive_table_next, ", ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# Final (output) SELECT uses recursive_table name
SET @str =
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", recursive_table_union, " RENAME ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# Run final SELECT on UNION
SET @str = final_SELECT;
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# No temporary tables may survive:
SET @str =
CONCAT("DROP TEMPORARY TABLE ", recursive_table);
PREPARE stmt FROM @str;
EXECUTE stmt;
# We are done :-)
END|
delimiter ;
funzione 'Tabella espressione comune' non è disponibile in MySQL, quindi bisogna andare a fare una vista o tabella temporanea per risolvere, qui ho usato una tabella temporanea.
La stored procedure menzionato qui risolverà il vostro bisogno. Se voglio ottenere tutti i membri del mio team e dei loro membri associati, questa stored procedure contribuirà a:
----------------------------------
user_id | team_id
----------------------------------
admin | NULL
ramu | admin
suresh | admin
kumar | ramu
mahesh | ramu
randiv | suresh
-----------------------------------
Codice:
DROP PROCEDURE `user_hier`//
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `user_hier`(in team_id varchar(50))
BEGIN
declare count int;
declare tmp_team_id varchar(50);
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE res_hier(user_id varchar(50),team_id varchar(50))engine=memory;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_hier(user_id varchar(50),team_id varchar(50))engine=memory;
set tmp_team_id = team_id;
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO count FROM user_table WHERE user_table.team_id=tmp_team_id;
WHILE count>0 DO
insert into res_hier select user_table.user_id,user_table.team_id from user_table where user_table.team_id=tmp_team_id;
insert into tmp_hier select user_table.user_id,user_table.team_id from user_table where user_table.team_id=tmp_team_id;
select user_id into tmp_team_id from tmp_hier limit 0,1;
select count(*) into count from tmp_hier;
delete from tmp_hier where user_id=tmp_team_id;
end while;
select * from res_hier;
drop temporary table if exists res_hier;
drop temporary table if exists tmp_hier;
end
Questo può essere chiamato con:
mysql>call user_hier ('admin')//
Questa funzione è chiamata un'espressione di tabella comune http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190766. aspx
Non sarà in grado di fare la cosa esatta in MySQL, la cosa più facile sarebbe fare probabilmente una visione che rispecchia quella CTE e basta selezionare dalla vista. È possibile farlo con subquery, ma che eseguirà davvero male. Se si esegue in qualsiasi CTE che fanno la ricorsione, io non so come si sarebbe in grado di ricreare che senza l'utilizzo di stored procedure.
EDIT: Come ho detto nel mio commento, che ad esempio che hai postato non ha bisogno di un CTE, quindi è necessario avere semplificato per la domanda poiché può essere semplicemente scritto come
SELECT article.*, userinfo.*, category.* FROM question
INNER JOIN userinfo ON userinfo.user_userid=article.article_ownerid
INNER JOIN category ON article.article_categoryid=category.catid
WHERE article.article_isdeleted = 0
ORDER BY article_date DESC Limit 1, 3
Mi è piaciuta @ risposta di Brad da questo discussione , ma volevo un modo per risparmiare i risultati per l'ulteriore elaborazione (MySql 8):
-- May need to adjust the recursion depth first
SET @@cte_max_recursion_depth = 10000 ; -- permit deeper recursion
-- Some boundaries
set @startDate = '2015-01-01'
, @endDate = '2020-12-31' ;
-- Save it to a table for later use
drop table if exists tmpDates ;
create temporary table tmpDates as -- this has to go _before_ the "with", Duh-oh!
WITH RECURSIVE t as (
select @startDate as dt
UNION
SELECT DATE_ADD(t.dt, INTERVAL 1 DAY) FROM t WHERE DATE_ADD(t.dt, INTERVAL 1 DAY) <= @endDate
)
select * FROM t -- need this to get the "with"'s results as a "result set", into the "create"
;
-- Exists?
select * from tmpDates ;
Che produce:
dt |
----------|
2015-01-01|
2015-01-02|
2015-01-03|
2015-01-04|
2015-01-05|
2015-01-06|
