Connettersi al database MySQL remoto tramite SSH utilizzando Java

Question

Come faccio a connettersi al database MySQL remoto tramite SSH da un'applicazione Java? Piccolo esempio di codice è utile per me e mi piacerebbe apprezzare questo.

Answer 1

La mia comprensione è che si desidera accedere a un server MySQL in esecuzione su una macchina remota e in ascolto sulla diciamo che la porta 3306 attraverso un tunnel SSH.

Per creare un simile tunnel da porta 1234 sulla macchina locale alla porta 3306 su una macchina remota utilizzando il client a riga di comando ssh, è necessario digitare il seguente comando dal computer locale:

ssh -L 1234:localhost:3306 mysql.server.remote

Per fare la stessa cosa da Java, è possibile utilizzare JSch , un'implementazione Java di SSH2. Dal suo sito:

  

JSch consente di connettersi a un server sshd e utilizzare il port forwarding, l'inoltro X11, il trasferimento di file, ecc, e si può integrare la sua funzionalità nei propri programmi Java. JSch è rilasciato sotto licenza BSD.

Per un esempio, dare un'occhiata alla PortForwardingL.java . Una volta che la sessione di collegamento, creare la connessione JDBC per MySQL utilizzando qualcosa di simile jdbc:mysql://localhost:1234/[database] come URL di connessione.

Answer 2

Il mio codice dettaglio è di seguito:

package mypackage;
import java.sql.*;
import com.jcraft.jsch.JSch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.Session;

public class UpdateMySqlDatabase {
    static int lport;
    static String rhost;
    static int rport;
    public static void go(){
        String user = "ripon";
        String password = "wasim";
        String host = "myhost.ripon.wasim";
        int port=22;
        try
            {
            JSch jsch = new JSch();
            Session session = jsch.getSession(user, host, port);
            lport = 4321;
            rhost = "localhost";
            rport = 3306;
            session.setPassword(password);
            session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
            System.out.println("Establishing Connection...");
            session.connect();
            int assinged_port=session.setPortForwardingL(lport, rhost, rport);
            System.out.println("localhost:"+assinged_port+" -> "+rhost+":"+rport);
            }
        catch(Exception e){System.err.print(e);}
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            go();
        } catch(Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
          System.out.println("An example for updating a Row from Mysql Database!");
          Connection con = null;
          String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
          String url = "jdbc:mysql://" + rhost +":" + lport + "/";
          String db = "testDB";
          String dbUser = "wasim";
          String dbPasswd = "riponalwasim123";
          try{
          Class.forName(driver);
          con = DriverManager.getConnection(url+db, dbUser, dbPasswd);
          try{
          Statement st = con.createStatement();
          String sql = "UPDATE MyTableName " +
                  "SET email = 'ripon.wasim@smile.com' WHERE email='peace@happy.com'";

          int update = st.executeUpdate(sql);
          if(update >= 1){
          System.out.println("Row is updated.");
          }
          else{
          System.out.println("Row is not updated.");
          }
          }
          catch (SQLException s){
          System.out.println("SQL statement is not executed!");
          }
          }
          catch (Exception e){
          e.printStackTrace();
          }
          }
        }

Answer 3

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.Properties;

import com.jcraft.jsch.JSch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.JSchException;
import com.jcraft.jsch.Session;

public class CTestDriver {
    private static void doSshTunnel(String strSshUser, String strSshPassword, String strSshHost, int nSshPort,
            String strRemoteHost, int nLocalPort, int nRemotePort) throws JSchException {
        final JSch jsch = new JSch();
        Session session = jsch.getSession(strSshUser, strSshHost, 22);
        session.setPassword(strSshPassword);

        final Properties config = new Properties();
        config.put("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
        session.setConfig(config);

        session.connect();
        session.setPortForwardingL(nLocalPort, strRemoteHost, nRemotePort);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String strSshUser = "ssh_user_name"; // SSH loging username
            String strSshPassword = "abcd1234"; // SSH login password
            String strSshHost = "your.ssh.hostname.com"; // hostname or ip or
                                                            // SSH server
            int nSshPort = 22; // remote SSH host port number
            String strRemoteHost = "your.database.hostname.com"; // hostname or
                                                                    // ip of
                                                                    // your
                                                                    // database
                                                                    // server
            int nLocalPort = 3366; // local port number use to bind SSH tunnel
            int nRemotePort = 3306; // remote port number of your database
            String strDbUser = "db_user_name"; // database loging username
            String strDbPassword = "4321dcba"; // database login password

            CTestDriver.doSshTunnel(strSshUser, strSshPassword, strSshHost, nSshPort, strRemoteHost, nLocalPort,
                    nRemotePort);

            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:" + nLocalPort, strDbUser,
                    strDbPassword);
            con.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

Answer 4

package framework.restapi.utils;

import java.sql.*;

import com.jcraft.jsch.JSch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.Session;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class SQLConnection {
    private static Connection connection = null;
    private static Session session = null;

    private static void connectToServer(String dataBaseName) throws SQLException {
        connectSSH();
        connectToDataBase(dataBaseName);
    }

    private static void connectSSH() throws SQLException {
        String sshHost = "";
        String sshuser = "";
        String dbuserName = "";
        String dbpassword = "";
        String SshKeyFilepath = "/Users/XXXXXX/.ssh/id_rsa";

        int localPort = 8740; // any free port can be used
        String remoteHost = "127.0.0.1";
        int remotePort = 3306;
        String localSSHUrl = "localhost";
        /***************/
        String driverName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";

        try {
            java.util.Properties config = new java.util.Properties();
            JSch jsch = new JSch();
            session = jsch.getSession(sshuser, sshHost, 22);
            jsch.addIdentity(SshKeyFilepath);
            config.put("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
            config.put("ConnectionAttempts", "3");
            session.setConfig(config);
            session.connect();

            System.out.println("SSH Connected");

            Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();

            int assinged_port = session.setPortForwardingL(localPort, remoteHost, remotePort);

            System.out.println("localhost:" + assinged_port + " -> " + remoteHost + ":" + remotePort);
            System.out.println("Port Forwarded");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void connectToDataBase(String dataBaseName) throws SQLException {
        String dbuserName = "sf2_showpad_biz";
        String dbpassword = "lOAWEnL3K";
        int localPort = 8740; // any free port can be used
        String localSSHUrl = "localhost";
        try {

            //mysql database connectivity
            MysqlDataSource dataSource = new MysqlDataSource();
            dataSource.setServerName(localSSHUrl);
            dataSource.setPortNumber(localPort);
            dataSource.setUser(dbuserName);
            dataSource.setAllowMultiQueries(true);

            dataSource.setPassword(dbpassword);
            dataSource.setDatabaseName(dataBaseName);

            connection = dataSource.getConnection();

            System.out.print("Connection to server successful!:" + connection + "\n\n");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    private static void closeConnections() {
        CloseDataBaseConnection();
        CloseSSHConnection();
    }

    private static void CloseDataBaseConnection() {
        try {
            if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed()) {
                System.out.println("Closing Database Connection");
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private static void CloseSSHConnection() {
        if (session != null && session.isConnected()) {
            System.out.println("Closing SSH Connection");
            session.disconnect();
        }
    }


    // works ONLY FOR  single query (one SELECT or one DELETE etc)
    private static ResultSet executeMyQuery(String query, String dataBaseName) {
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        try {
            connectToServer(dataBaseName);
            Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
            resultSet = stmt.executeQuery(query);
            System.out.println("Database connection success");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return resultSet;
    }

    public static void DeleteOrganisationReferencesFromDB(String organisationsLike) {
        try {
            connectToServer("ServerName");
            Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();

            ResultSet resultSet = stmt.executeQuery("select * from DB1");

            String organisationsToDelete = "";
            List<String> organisationsIds = new ArrayList<String>();

            // create string with id`s values to delete organisations references
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                String actualValue = resultSet.getString("id");
                organisationsIds.add(actualValue);
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < organisationsIds.size(); i++) {
                organisationsToDelete = " " + organisationsToDelete + organisationsIds.get(i);
                if (i != organisationsIds.size() - 1) {
                    organisationsToDelete = organisationsToDelete + ", ";
                }
            }

            stmt.executeUpdate(" DELETE FROM `DB1`.`table1` WHERE `DB1`.`table1`.`organisation_id` in ( " + organisationsToDelete + " );");


        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            closeConnections();
        }
    }

    public static List<String> getOrganisationsDBNamesBySubdomain(String organisationsLike) {
        List<String> organisationDbNames = new ArrayList<String>();
        ResultSet resultSet = executeMyQuery("select `DB`.organisation.dbname from `DB1`.organisation where subdomain like '" + organisationsLike + "%'", "DB1");
        try {
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                String actualValue = resultSet.getString("dbname");
                organisationDbNames.add(actualValue);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            closeConnections();
        }
        return organisationDbNames;
    }

     public static List<String> getAllDBNames() {
        // get all live db names incentral DB
        List<String> organisationDbNames = new ArrayList<String>();
        ResultSet resultSet = executeMyQuery("show databases", "DB1");
        try {
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                String actualValue = resultSet.getString("Database");
                organisationDbNames.add(actualValue);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            closeConnections();
        }
        return organisationDbNames;
    }

      public static void deleteDataBasesByName(List<String> DataBasesNamesList) {
        try {
            connectSSH();
            int dataBasesAmount = DataBasesNamesList.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < dataBasesAmount; i++) {
                connectToDataBase(DataBasesNamesList.get(i));

                Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
                stmt.executeUpdate("DROP database `" + DataBasesNamesList.get(i) + "`");

            }

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            CloseDataBaseConnection();
            closeConnections();
        }
    }
}

Answer 5

Mentre le risposte esistenti sono corrette, che oscurano il codice significativo bloats di altro codice.

Questo è il codice di base necessarie per la vostra galleria JDBC (o qualsiasi altro) connessione al database tramite un canale SSH:

String jumpserverHost = "ssh.example.com";
String jumpserverUsername = "sshuser";
// The hostname/IP address and port, you would use on the SSH server
// to connect to the database.
// If the database runs on the same machine as the SSH server, use "localhost".
String databaseHost = "database.example.com";
int databasePort = 3306;
String databaseUsername = "dbuser";
String databasePassword = "dbpass";

JSch jsch = new JSch();
// Public key authentication example
// (but you can use password authentication, if appropriate).
jsch.addIdentity("~/.ssh/id_rsa");

// Connect to SSH jump server (this does not show an authentication code)
Session session = jsch.getSession(jumpserverUsername, jumpserverHost);
session.connect();

// Forward randomly chosen local port through the SSH channel to database host/port
int forwardedPort = session.setPortForwardingL(0, databaseHost, databasePort);

// Connect to the forwarded port (the local end of the SSH tunnel)
// If you don't use JDBC, but another database client,
// just connect it to the localhost:forwardedPort
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:" + forwardedPort;
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, databaseUsername, databasePassword);

---

si avrà anche a che fare con la verifica della chiave host. Per questo si veda:
Come risolvere Java UnknownHostKey, mentre usando la libreria JSch SFTP?

Answer 6

Prima di tutto, grazie funziona alla grande!

Anche se, mi chiedo se devo riutilizzare tale sessione per ogni (potenzialmente simultanea) di connessione SQL, o se devo creare una nuova sessione ogni volta e solo aggiornarla se per qualche motivo è scaduto.

Al momento, vorrei ogni volta che effettuare una connessione fare una nuova istanza di tale controller qui e poi fare le query SQL con la connessione che ho ricevuto da esso, quindi chiuderlo manualmente.

Sarebbe anche bello se potessi rendere la classe utilizzabile con try-with-risorsa e chiudersi. Si vedrà in quello. Causa Io non voglio perdere la chiusura.

thats come la cosa sembra, sto ottenendo connessioni DB da questo momento.

public class ConnectionManager {

private Connection con = null;
private Session session = null;

public Connection getConnection() {
    Connection con = null;

    var settings = new DbSettingsController();

    boolean useSSH = settings.getSetting(SettingKey.UseSSH).equals("true");
    String sshPort = settings.getSetting(SettingKey.SSHPort);
    String sqlIp = settings.getSetting(SettingKey.MySqlIP);
    String sqlPort = settings.getSetting(SettingKey.MySqlPort);

    if(useSSH) {
        JSch jSch = new JSch();
        try {
            this.session = jSch.getSession(settings.getSetting(SettingKey.SSHUser),
                    settings.getSetting(SettingKey.SSHHost),
                    Integer.valueOf(sshPort));
            this.session.setPassword(settings.getSetting(SettingKey.SSHPassword));
            this.session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
            this.session.connect();
            this.session.setPortForwardingL(Integer.parseInt(sshPort), sqlIp, Integer.parseInt(sqlPort));
        } catch (JSchException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    var connectionString = String.format("jdbc:mysql://%s:%s/%s?autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false",
            sqlIp, useSSH ? sshPort : sqlPort,
            settings.getSetting(SettingKey.MySqlShema));

    var user = settings.getSetting(SettingKey.MySqlUser);
    var password = settings.getSetting(SettingKey.MySqlPassword);

    try {
        con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionString, user, password);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return con;
}

public void close() {
    if(this.con != null) {
        try {
            this.con.close();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if(this.session != null) {
        this.session.disconnect();
    }
}

Se vi chiedete DbSettingsController Ive fatto me stesso, mette solo le impostazioni in una colonna di testo in uno SQLite DB locale, con una chiave ad esso assegnata (che enum's int value). Era stato semplice e veloce incollare il codice ho riutilizzato da qualche altro progetto basta copiare, quindi fare solo che in questo modo.