If the other component extends Alfresco.component.Base
then it should have registered its presence on the page when it was instantiated.
You can then use Alfresco.util.ComponentManager
(docs) to retrieve the instance you want, e.g. if it is the only instance on the page,
var otherCmpt = Alfresco.util.ComponentManager.findFirst(p_sName)
where p_sName
is the full name of the class as a String value, e.g. "Alfresco.FormUI"
.