This is kind of a twisted workaround but I couldn't think of any other way to achieve what you want
Define a property in your pom with the default value for your additional parameter
<properties>
<extra.argument.from.console>extra.argument.from.console.default.value</extra.argument.from.console>
</properties>
In your execution add that property as an argument
<argument>${extra.argument.from.console}</argument>
When invoking maven give value to that property if you don't want to use the default value
mvn exec:exec -Dextra.argument.from.console=value.you.want