In your FPM Pool Configuration file you can add specific values instead of editing the php.ini file. Here is what I have in my development:
php_flag[display_errors] = on
php_admin_value[error_log] = /vhosts/example.com/logs/php_error_log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
You would normally add these to the end of the file. You may already see a few examples pre-packaged there too.
Don't forget to restart FPM after making the changes of course.