Try checking the box that says "Send this Chromecast's serial number when checking for updates".
Mine didn't work at first, after doing this and restarting mine seemed to pick up the whitelisted appID.
As mentioned by the author of question: Make sure to do from ChromeOS, Windows or Mac OSX client until they fix the issue from Android app.
Clients can be downloaded here: https://cast.google.com/chromecast/setup