You should inherit from Umbraco.Web.Mvc.UmbracoTemplatePage
in your partial view:
@inherits Umbraco.Web.Mvc.UmbracoTemplatePage
Then pass into your partial the current model:
@Html.Partial("MyPartialName", Model.Content)
Then in your partial you can just the API to get the children or whatever your query is:
@foreach (var node in Model.Children().Where(x => x.DocumentTypeAlias == "YourDocTypeAlias")
{
<p>@node.Name</p>
}