Things like this don't just happen, and in a CMS like Umbraco it is unlikely that it has just broken :)
However, there are a few things to check:
Look at the internal Umbraco logs ~/app_data/logs/
as thee will show you where it is falling over. There may be a timeout, a file it can't find and the logs will record all exceptions and warning etc.
Depending on where the CMS is hosted, check the Event Viewer for application issues.
If you don't have ELMAH installed in the application, install it. It's one of the first things I install. I set it to ignore 404 errors but log and email me regarding any other exceptions.
Finally, it's vital that you review what happened between yesterday and today. Check the source control logs, check whether any new files have been deployed, check whether any amendments have been made to data types, document types or directly to the database. Like I say, things like this don't just happen. It is much more likely that a change has been made that has knocked something out. If you don't check, this could and most likely will happen again.