Android Bluetooth Low Energy Pairing

Question

How to pair a Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) device with Android to read encrypted data.

Using the information in the Android BLE page, I am able to discover the device, connect to it, discover services and read un-encrypted characteristics.

When I try to read an encrypted characteristic (one that will cause iOS to show a popup asking to pair and then complete the read) I am getting an error code 5, which corresponds to Insufficient Authentication.

I am not sure how to get the device paired or how to provide the authentication information for the read to complete.

I toyed with BluetoothGattCharacteristics by trying to add descriptors, but that did not work either.
Any help is appreciated!

Answer 1

When you get the GATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION error, the system starts the bonding process for you. In the example below I'm trying to enable notifications and indications on glucose monitor. First I'm enabling the notifications on Glucose Measurement characteristic which can cause the error to appear.

@Override
    public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
            if (GM_CHARACTERISTIC.equals(descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid())) {
                mCallbacks.onGlucoseMeasurementNotificationEnabled();

                if (mGlucoseMeasurementContextCharacteristic != null) {
                    enableGlucoseMeasurementContextNotification(gatt);
                } else {
                    enableRecordAccessControlPointIndication(gatt);
                }
            }

            if (GM_CONTEXT_CHARACTERISTIC.equals(descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid())) {
                mCallbacks.onGlucoseMeasurementContextNotificationEnabled();
                enableRecordAccessControlPointIndication(gatt);
            }

            if (RACP_CHARACTERISTIC.equals(descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid())) {
                mCallbacks.onRecordAccessControlPointIndicationsEnabled();
            }
        } else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION) {
            // this is where the tricky part comes

            if (gatt.getDevice().getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
                mCallbacks.onBondingRequired();

                // I'm starting the Broadcast Receiver that will listen for bonding process changes

                final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
                mContext.registerReceiver(mBondingBroadcastReceiver, filter);
            } else {
                // this situation happens when you try to connect for the second time to already bonded device
                // it should never happen, in my opinion
                Logger.e(TAG, "The phone is trying to read from paired device without encryption. Android Bug?");
                // I don't know what to do here
                // This error was found on Nexus 7 with KRT16S build of Andorid 4.4. It does not appear on Samsung S4 with Andorid 4.3.
            }
        } else {
            mCallbacks.onError(ERROR_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR, status);
        }
    };

Where the mBondingBroadcastReceiver is:

private BroadcastReceiver mBondingBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
        final BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
        final int bondState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, -1);
        final int previousBondState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_BOND_STATE, -1);

        Logger.d(TAG, "Bond state changed for: " + device.getAddress() + " new state: " + bondState + " previous: " + previousBondState);

        // skip other devices
        if (!device.getAddress().equals(mBluetoothGatt.getDevice().getAddress()))
            return;

        if (bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
            // Continue to do what you've started before
            enableGlucoseMeasurementNotification(mBluetoothGatt);

            mContext.unregisterReceiver(this);
            mCallbacks.onBonded();
        }
    }
};

Remember to unregister the broadcast receiver when exiting the activity. It may have not been unregistered by the receicver itself.

Answer 2

You might need to check the Kernel smp.c file, which method of paring it invoke for paring. 1) passkey 2)Just work or etc . i guess if it will be able to invoke MIMT and passkey level of security , there will not be any authentication issue. Make sure all flags is set to invoke the SMP passkey methods. track by putting some print in smp.c file.

A solution which works in ICS : with btmgmt tool in android and hooking it in encryption APIs. with passkey or any other methods. it works. You might need to add the passkey APIs in btmgmt from latest bluez code.

Answer 3

i think new android 4.4 provide pairing method. same problem already i am facing so wait for update and hope over problem solved createBond() method .

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/bluetooth/BluetoothDevice.html#setPairingConfirmation%28boolean%29