How to change variable value throughout outer class when it changed in an inner one?

Question

I have a swing class that includes a String variable str3 declared as final and two

ActionListener interfaces that implemented by two JButtons b1

and b2 , when b1 JButton is pressed str3 String takes a value ,

My question here how to make str3 value to be changed throughout the class

rather in the second ActionListener interface (not in the first inner class only ) .

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class mySwing extends JFrame {

    JButton b1, b2;

    public mySwing() {
        final String str3;
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        b1 = new JButton("please click me first");
        b2 = new JButton("please click me second");
        final JTextField txt = new JTextField("                            ");
        panel.add(txt);
        Container pane = getContentPane();
        panel.add(b1);
        panel.add(b2);
        pane.add(panel);
        str3 = new String();
        b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent acv) {
                String input = "HelloWorld";
                String str3 = new String(input.substring(0, 5));
                txt.setText(str3);
            }
        });
        b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent acv) {
                txt.setText(str3);
            }
        });
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new mySwing();
    }
}

Answer 1

Just make str3 a non-final instance variable of your outer class mySwing.

By the way, do not do things like new String(input.substring(0, 5)) the result of input.substring(0, 5) is a String so you don`t need to create another String.

Based on your code:

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class mySwing extends JFrame {

    JButton b1, b2;
    String str3="";

    public mySwing() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        b1 = new JButton("please click me first");
        b2 = new JButton("please click me second");
        final JTextField txt = new JTextField("                            ");
        panel.add(txt);
        Container pane = getContentPane();
        panel.add(b1);
        panel.add(b2);
        pane.add(panel);
        str3 = new String();
        b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent acv) {
                str3+=" (1)";
                txt.setText(str3);
            }
        });
        b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent acv) {
              str3+=" (2)";
              txt.setText(str3);
            }
        });
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new mySwing();
    }
}

Answer 2

Your approach of declaring the variable str3 as final is correct. However, in Java Strings cannot change their contents, so you would have to do something different. Some ideas I can come across:

1. Use a StringBuffer instead, and convert it to a String with the toString() method where needed.
2. Use some other POJO with a getter and setter for your String, this way the POJO will be declared as final and the content can be changed via the getter and setter.

Hope this helps as a guideline, there sure are many other good approaches.

Answer 3

your variable str3 is a final, then it can never be changed.

inside your code you've never tried to change it, you just declared a new str3 inside your ActionListener inner class.