A tile notification will only be shown if all of the image resources referenced are present and valid. Fallback to a different image is not possible. It isn't possible to have a tile notification always shown if the server is referencing local images that may or may not be present on the client.
There are two possible alternatives that may be of use in your situation:
Host the images on your server, so that they are always available to all clients.
Omit image nodes in the XML template that may or may not be present on all clients. Any of the nodes in the XML template can be removed. Taking your tile notification XML as an example, the tile notification will always be shown if the image node is removed:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <tile> <visual lang="en-US"> <binding template="TileWideSmallImageAndText02"> <text id="1">First text</text> <text id="2">Second text</text> </binding> </visual> </tile>