Using sed
:
sed -r 's/^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}/#&/' inputfile
Example:
$ cat in
foo
2012-01-20
bar
$ sed -r 's/^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}/#&/' in
foo
#2012-01-20
bar
EDIT: As pointed out by user495470, on MacOS you'd need to use -E
instead of -r
in order to enable extended regular expressions.