Your javascript should work, if your classes are being labelled properly. When hiding, you should be searching for not .negative, and not .positive as the others have alluded to, but if your code isn't working at all, the error lies in how you've laid out your html, not your javascript, as I've tested in with jsfiddle. Check in firebug or developer tools to see if your class names are being assigned properly, or if there are any errors in the console.
Here's another way of doing it with fadeIn and fadeOut, but the earlier examples will work also:
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#positive').click(function(){
$('tr').not('.positive').fadeOut(function(){$('.positive').fadeIn();});
});
$('#negative').click(function(){
$('tr').not('.negative').fadeOut(function(){$('.negative').fadeIn();});
});
});
Basic mockup with some vanilla html:
http://jsfiddle.net/v8k3H/3/