Android - Retrieving current location with android gps provider in onClick()

Question 1

In the end I used AsyncTask, which helped me in order to sleep the app while I looked for the location.

private class LocationThread extends AsyncTask<Context, Void, Void> {

    protected void onPreExecute() {
        infogatherer.startLocationListener();
    }

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Context... params) {
        while (!infogatherer.getGo()) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(final Void unused) {
        //Do whatever you wanna do after you get location
    }
}

getGo is a boolean which whenever becomes true gives the location back

public class mylocationlistener implements LocationListener {
    @Override
    public void onLocationChanged(android.location.Location location) {
        if(location != null){
            Longitude = location.getLongitude();
            Latitude = location.getLatitude();
            lm.removeUpdates(ll);
            go = true;
        }
    }

hope you understand the procedure. Cheers.

Question 2

You don´t provide enough time to Location service get the location.
You ask for latitude and longitude before the LocationManager have time to call onLocationChanged.

infogatherer.getLocation();
Location.setText(String.valueOf(InfoGatherer.getLatitude()+","+InfoGatherer.getLatitude()));

Call infogatherer.getLocation(); out of onClick event. Do that at Activity onResume() event.
Remove lm.removeUpdates(ll); from onLocationChanged. Call it at Activity onPause()event.

If you want see this example how to create a GPS Manager Class

EDIT
Try something like this: Note: Not tested!

private void updateLocationText(double oldLat, double oldLong) {
    Handler handler = new Handler();
    Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {

        public void run() {
            boolean isPositionChanged = false;
            double lat;
            double long;
            while (!isPositionChanged) {  
                lat = InfoGatherer.getLatitude();
                long = InfoGatherer.getLongitude();
                if(lat != oldLat || long != oldLong)isPositionChanged = true;
            }
            handler.post(new Runnable(){
                public void run() {
                    Location.setText(String.valueOf(InfoGatherer.getLatitude()+","+InfoGatherer.getLatitude()));
                });
            }
        }
    };
    new Thread(runnable).start();
}

Note that if you click on the button without having been no change of location, it will run forever.

EDIT AGAIN

Another approach more clean:

Replace

Location.setText(String.valueOf(InfoGatherer.getLatitude()+","+InfoGatherer.getLatitude()));

with this

Location.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Location.setText(String.valueOf(InfoGatherer.getLatitude()+","+InfoGatherer.getLatitude()));
        Location.postInvalidate();//Try without, may be not necessary
    }
}, 3000);//Change if need

Question 3

Create the LocationListener out of Aplication. In the Ativity instantiate the class, override the onLocationChanged event and update Location TextView there.

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    .........
    .........
    lm = (LocationManager)getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

    listener = new MyLocationListener(){
        @Override
        public void onLocationChanged(android.location.Location location) {
            if(location!=null){
                Location.setText(String.valueOf(location.getLatitude()+","+location.getLatitude()));
                lm.removeUpdates(listener);
            }
        }
    }
}

In onClick() event replace:

infogatherer.getLocation();
Location.setText(String.valueOf(InfoGatherer.getLatitude()+","+InfoGatherer.getLatitude()));

with

lm.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, listener);