From your post:
I have this code
Well, in fact, you don't. The code in your jsFiddle link is very different. Rather than the flat structure that you show in your question, there is a nested structure. nextAll
searches only among siblings of the current element (not among the whole HTML).
Your traversal method needs to be more complex. Something like this would do:
$(this).closest('div.control-group').next().find('input').first().focus();