To surmise what was learned from my discussion in the comments of the question with H2CO3:
You can load any program you want in LLDB by typing the following command:
lldb <path to application executable>
To set a breakpoint on a function, type in the following command after lldb has started:
breakpoint set -b <name of function>
To actually start the program in lldb, type in the following once it's loaded and has the breakpoints you want:
run
To view the variables at the breakpoint, even without the debugger symbols (IE, because this isn't a program that you have the source to) type in:
register read
If anything in the list looks like it has a CoreFoundation or Obj-C object, type the following:
po <register of object>
And finally, if you think there's a C string being pointed to by one of the variables, you can use this:
p (char*)<register of string>
There's a lot more you can do with lldb than I covered here. Just type help
from the lldb prompt to see more of what it can do. This covers everything I wanted to know when I first posted this question yesterday, though.