It seems, that the easiest way is to bind the python queue to the exchange in RabbitMq management. After doing it I've sucessfully recieved the messages.
PyhonConsumer now looks the following way:
import pika
print('Stating consumer')
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare('python_consumer_1')
print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.queue_bind(queue='python_consumer_1', exchange='MyApp.Transit:SimpleTextMessage')
channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='python_consumer_1')
channel.start_consuming()