Here are all (147) top-level URLs which redirected to youtube.com
that I could find (see below for how I got these URLs):
www.youtube.ae https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AE
www.youtube.at https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AT
www.youtube.az https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AZ
www.youtube.ba https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BA
www.youtube.be https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BE
www.youtube.bg https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BG
www.youtube.bh https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BH
www.youtube.bo https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BO
www.youtube.by https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BY
www.youtube.ca https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CA
www.youtube.cat https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ES
www.youtube.ch https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CH
www.youtube.cl https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CL
www.youtube.co https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CO
www.youtube.co.ae https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AE
www.youtube.co.at https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AT
www.youtube.co.cr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CR
www.youtube.co.hu https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HU
www.youtube.co.id https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ID
www.youtube.co.il https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IL
www.youtube.co.in https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IN
www.youtube.co.jp https://www.youtube.com/?gl=JP
www.youtube.co.ke https://www.youtube.com/?gl=KE
www.youtube.co.kr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=KR
www.youtube.co.ma https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MA
www.youtube.co.nz https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NZ
www.youtube.co.th https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TH
www.youtube.co.tz https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TZ
www.youtube.co.ug https://www.youtube.com/?gl=UG
www.youtube.co.uk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GB
www.youtube.co.ve https://www.youtube.com/?gl=VE
www.youtube.co.za https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ZA
www.youtube.co.zw https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ZW
www.youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/
www.youtube.com.ar https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AR
www.youtube.com.au https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AU
www.youtube.com.az https://www.youtube.com/?gl=AZ
www.youtube.com.bd https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BD
www.youtube.com.bh https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BH
www.youtube.com.bo https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BO
www.youtube.com.br https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BR
www.youtube.com.by https://www.youtube.com/?gl=BY
www.youtube.com.co https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CO
www.youtube.com.do https://www.youtube.com/?gl=DO
www.youtube.com.ec https://www.youtube.com/?gl=EC
www.youtube.com.ee https://www.youtube.com/?gl=EE
www.youtube.com.eg https://www.youtube.com/?gl=EG
www.youtube.com.es https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ES
www.youtube.com.gh https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GH
www.youtube.com.gr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GR
www.youtube.com.gt https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GT
www.youtube.com.hk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HK
www.youtube.com.hn https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HN
www.youtube.com.hr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HR
www.youtube.com.jm https://www.youtube.com/?gl=JM
www.youtube.com.jo https://www.youtube.com/?gl=JO
www.youtube.com.kw https://www.youtube.com/?gl=KW
www.youtube.com.lb https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LB
www.youtube.com.lv https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LV
www.youtube.com.ly https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LY
www.youtube.com.mk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MK
www.youtube.com.mt https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MT
www.youtube.com.mx https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MX
www.youtube.com.my https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MY
www.youtube.com.ng https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NG
www.youtube.com.ni https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NI
www.youtube.com.om https://www.youtube.com/?gl=OM
www.youtube.com.pa https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PA
www.youtube.com.pe https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PE
www.youtube.com.ph https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PH
www.youtube.com.pk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PK
www.youtube.com.pt https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PT
www.youtube.com.py https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PY
www.youtube.com.qa https://www.youtube.com/?gl=QA
www.youtube.com.ro https://www.youtube.com/?gl=RO
www.youtube.com.sa https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SA
www.youtube.com.sg https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SG
www.youtube.com.sv https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SV
www.youtube.com.tn https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TN
www.youtube.com.tr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TR
www.youtube.com.tw https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TW
www.youtube.com.ua https://www.youtube.com/?gl=UA
www.youtube.com.uy https://www.youtube.com/?gl=UY
www.youtube.com.ve https://www.youtube.com/?gl=VE
www.youtube.cr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CR
www.youtube.cz https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CZ
www.youtube.de https://www.youtube.com/?gl=DE
www.youtube.dk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=DK
www.youtube.ee https://www.youtube.com/?gl=EE
www.youtube.es https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ES
www.youtube.fi https://www.youtube.com/?gl=FI
www.youtube.fr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=FR
www.youtube.ge https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GE
www.youtube.gr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GR
www.youtube.gt https://www.youtube.com/?gl=GT
www.youtube.hk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HK
www.youtube.hr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HR
www.youtube.hu https://www.youtube.com/?gl=HU
www.youtube.ie https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IE
www.youtube.in https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IN
www.youtube.iq https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IQ
www.youtube.is https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IS
www.youtube.it https://www.youtube.com/?gl=IT
www.youtube.jo https://www.youtube.com/?gl=JO
www.youtube.jp https://www.youtube.com/?gl=JP
www.youtube.kr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=KR
www.youtube.kz https://www.youtube.com/?gl=KZ
www.youtube.lk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LK
www.youtube.lt https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LT
www.youtube.lu https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LU
www.youtube.lv https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LV
www.youtube.ly https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LY
www.youtube.ma https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MA
www.youtube.me https://www.youtube.com/?gl=ME
www.youtube.mk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MK
www.youtube.mx https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MX
www.youtube.my https://www.youtube.com/?gl=MY
www.youtube.net.in https://www.youtube.com/
www.youtube.ng https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NG
www.youtube.ni https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NI
www.youtube.nl https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NL
www.youtube.no https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NO
www.youtube.pa https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PA
www.youtube.pe https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PE
www.youtube.ph https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PH
www.youtube.pk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PK
www.youtube.pl https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PL
www.youtube.pr https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PR
www.youtube.pt https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PT
www.youtube.qa https://www.youtube.com/?gl=QA
www.youtube.ro https://www.youtube.com/?gl=RO
www.youtube.rs https://www.youtube.com/?gl=RS
www.youtube.ru https://www.youtube.com/?gl=RU
www.youtube.sa https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SA
www.youtube.se https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SE
www.youtube.sg https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SG
www.youtube.si https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SI
www.youtube.sk https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SK
www.youtube.sn https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SN
www.youtube.sv https://www.youtube.com/?gl=SV
www.youtube.tn https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TN
www.youtube.tv https://tv.youtube.com/welcome/
www.youtube.ua https://www.youtube.com/?gl=UA
www.youtube.ug https://www.youtube.com/?gl=UG
www.youtube.uy https://www.youtube.com/?gl=UY
www.youtube.vn https://www.youtube.com/?gl=VN
www.youtube.voto https://www.youtube.com/
Here is the first column of the above table (suitable for copying and pasting):
www.youtube.ae
www.youtube.at
www.youtube.az
www.youtube.ba
www.youtube.be
www.youtube.bg
www.youtube.bh
www.youtube.bo
www.youtube.by
www.youtube.ca
www.youtube.cat
www.youtube.ch
www.youtube.cl
www.youtube.co
www.youtube.co.ae
www.youtube.co.at
www.youtube.co.cr
www.youtube.co.hu
www.youtube.co.id
www.youtube.co.il
www.youtube.co.in
www.youtube.co.jp
www.youtube.co.ke
www.youtube.co.kr
www.youtube.co.ma
www.youtube.co.nz
www.youtube.co.th
www.youtube.co.tz
www.youtube.co.ug
www.youtube.co.uk
www.youtube.co.ve
www.youtube.co.za
www.youtube.co.zw
www.youtube.com
www.youtube.com.ar
www.youtube.com.au
www.youtube.com.az
www.youtube.com.bd
www.youtube.com.bh
www.youtube.com.bo
www.youtube.com.br
www.youtube.com.by
www.youtube.com.co
www.youtube.com.do
www.youtube.com.ec
www.youtube.com.ee
www.youtube.com.eg
www.youtube.com.es
www.youtube.com.gh
www.youtube.com.gr
www.youtube.com.gt
www.youtube.com.hk
www.youtube.com.hn
www.youtube.com.hr
www.youtube.com.jm
www.youtube.com.jo
www.youtube.com.kw
www.youtube.com.lb
www.youtube.com.lv
www.youtube.com.ly
www.youtube.com.mk
www.youtube.com.mt
www.youtube.com.mx
www.youtube.com.my
www.youtube.com.ng
www.youtube.com.ni
www.youtube.com.om
www.youtube.com.pa
www.youtube.com.pe
www.youtube.com.ph
www.youtube.com.pk
www.youtube.com.pt
www.youtube.com.py
www.youtube.com.qa
www.youtube.com.ro
www.youtube.com.sa
www.youtube.com.sg
www.youtube.com.sv
www.youtube.com.tn
www.youtube.com.tr
www.youtube.com.tw
www.youtube.com.ua
www.youtube.com.uy
www.youtube.com.ve
www.youtube.cr
www.youtube.cz
www.youtube.de
www.youtube.dk
www.youtube.ee
www.youtube.es
www.youtube.fi
www.youtube.fr
www.youtube.ge
www.youtube.gr
www.youtube.gt
www.youtube.hk
www.youtube.hr
www.youtube.hu
www.youtube.ie
www.youtube.in
www.youtube.iq
www.youtube.is
www.youtube.it
www.youtube.jo
www.youtube.jp
www.youtube.kr
www.youtube.kz
www.youtube.lk
www.youtube.lt
www.youtube.lu
www.youtube.lv
www.youtube.ly
www.youtube.ma
www.youtube.me
www.youtube.mk
www.youtube.mx
www.youtube.my
www.youtube.net.in
www.youtube.ng
www.youtube.ni
www.youtube.nl
www.youtube.no
www.youtube.pa
www.youtube.pe
www.youtube.ph
www.youtube.pk
www.youtube.pl
www.youtube.pr
www.youtube.pt
www.youtube.qa
www.youtube.ro
www.youtube.rs
www.youtube.ru
www.youtube.sa
www.youtube.se
www.youtube.sg
www.youtube.si
www.youtube.sk
www.youtube.sn
www.youtube.sv
www.youtube.tn
www.youtube.tv
www.youtube.ua
www.youtube.ug
www.youtube.uy
www.youtube.vn
www.youtube.voto
There are also the following domains which are not included in the table:
- m.youtube.com
- m.youtube.
<country code>
- youtu.be (with and without the trailing dot)
<country code>
.youtube.com (e.g. jp.youtube.com)
- youtube.com. (with the trailing dot)
- youtube.
<country code>.
(with the trailing dot)
- domains like
gaming.youtube.com
in YouTube's sitemap https://www.youtube.com/sitemaps/sitemap.xml (see linked sub-sitemaps)
For comprehensiveness, I went through Wikipedia's 676 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes, took all possible two-letter language codes and appended them to the URL as https://www.youtube.com/?gl=<language code>
, retrieved the URL, and checked if the source code contained the text "gl":"<language code>"
. If the language code is not found (e.g. ZZZZZ
), the source code will use the default language code of "gl":"CA"
. Additionally, I went through Mozilla's Public Suffix list https://wiki.mozilla.org/Public_Suffix_List and took all of those and tried every single one.
Here are the following URLs that I couldn't find a corresponding TLD for (it doesn't imply that there should be one, however) which had the TLD code in the URL also in the HTML source:
https://www.youtube.com/?gl=CY
https://www.youtube.com/?gl=LI
https://www.youtube.com/?gl=NP
https://www.youtube.com/?gl=PG
https://www.youtube.com/?gl=YE
Bash script to get URL redirects (sometimes this script doesn't follow the redirect; I am not sure if it is because of my flaky internet, a rate-limit, or because of the script):
while read line; do echo "$line -> "$(curl -Ls -o /dev/null -w %{url_effective} $line); done < youtube_urls.txt;