Is Qt for Embedded Linux supported for a Target embedded machine running Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit?
It feels strange that you wish to use Ubuntu and you want to avoid using X. This is a sort of paradoxon.
Either way, Qt 5 has different backends, like eglfs, linuxfb, directb, and so forth as plugins. You can use them on desktop, too. This is not strictly restricted to "embedded".
Just make sure you pick up the appropriate plugin when running your application. Here you can see the detailed list of the available plugins.