It looks you are trying to test private variables declared in angular controller. The variables which are not exposed through the $scope cannot be tested, as they are hidden, and are visible only in a function scope inside the controller. More on private members and information hiding in javascript you can find here
The way how you should approach private fields in tests is by testing them through exposed api. If the variable is not used in any exposed publicly method it means that it's not used so it doesn't make sense to keep it and test it.