Here is one possibility: Thats draws overlapping circles, which are coloured according to the current palette definition. For this to work, the data must be sorted with descending radius values, which is done here on-the-fly using the sort
Unix command line tool:
set palette defined (0 'white', 1 'blue')
set cbrange [0:1]
unset key
plot '< sort -r data.dat' using (0):(0):1:2 with circles lc palette fillstyle solid noborder, \
'' using (0):(0):1:($2+0.1) with circles lc palette lw 3