After some digging there wasn't in fact any Cocoa API to use regex before iOS4 so programmers were using external libraries like RegexKitLite which indeed could be used for iOS.
If you are on iOS4 or later there shouldn't be any reason not to use NSRegularExpression. Class reference description can be found here.
For example with NSRegularExpression
your code snippet will look like:
NSString *str = @"testing string";
NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"[^a-zA-Z0-9]" options:NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive error:nil];
NSTextCheckingResult *match = [regex firstMatchInString:str options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])];
NSRange range = [match rangeAtIndex:0];
if (range.location != NSNotFound)
{
NSString* matchingString = [str substringWithRange:range];
NSLog(@"%@", matchingString);
}