You can access information about the current test case via the boost::unit_test::results_collector
e.g.
using boost::unit_test::results_collector;
using boost::unit_test::framework::current_test_case;
using boost::unit_test::test_case;
using boost::unit_test::test_results;
const test_results& theResults = results_collector.results( current_test_case().p_id );
This gets you a boost::unit_test::test_results
which contains all of the information you are after.
See Also boost/test/results_collector.hpp