So far I have found that there are some standards regarding style. Like Randall Hydes from here. But no common wide standards regarding solely security and robustness like MISRA-C.
Although, there are some industry standards, which address assembly language in this regard. For instance, IEC 60880-2004 has eight rules about using assembler specifically and several more regarding modularity, addressing and interruption usage. I presume, other industry standards, such as DO 178-B or IEC 61508, might have some rules too.