The problem was that I had
<application
android:enabled="false"/>
in my AndroidManifest.xml. That blocked the execution on the Nexus 7 with Android 4.3 but not on the SGS3 with Android 4.1.2. I don't understand why this attribute is ignored on the SGS3 and could find if it was added in 4.3 (http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element.html#enabled). I hope that helps somebody.