I realise this question is almost a year old but I was having similar issues until I found a Mozilla Bugzilla issue reporting that cfx test wasn't showing results without "-v" (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=773028)
I added "-v" to my "cfx run", making it:
cfx run -v -a fennec-on-device -b "C:\Users\Ben\AppData\Local\Android\android-sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe" --mobile-app fennec --force-mobile
..and suddenly I actually get some info beyond "Starting: Intent"...
Running cfx for attached Android device...
Launching mobile application with intent name org.mozilla.fennec
Pushing the addon to your device
Starting: Intent { act=android.activity.MAIN cmp=org.mozilla.fennec/.App (has extras) }
--------- beginning of /dev/log/main
--------- beginning of /dev/log/system
Could not read chrome manifest 'file:///data/data/org.mozilla.fennec/chrome.manifest'.
OpenGL compositor Initialized Succesfully.
Version: OpenGL ES 2.0
Vendor: ARM
Renderer: Mali-400 MP
FBO Texture Target: TEXTURE_2D
Adding HealthReport:RequestSnapshot observer.
Sending snapshot message.
main.js starting
console.log: tldr: main.js starting
....