The only way I know of to do this is through jQuery (but using the bootstrap collapse function)
Otherwise bootstrap will just treat it as a toggle.
HTML
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="inputPreviousSurname">Previous Surname</label>
<div class="controls">
<label class="checkbox inline">
<input id="show" type="radio" name="previousSurname"> Yes
</label>
<label class="checkbox inline">
<input id="hide" type="radio" name="previousSurname" checked="" > No
</label>
</div>
<div class="controls">
<div id="demo" class="collapse"> <input type="text" /></div>
</div>
</div>
jQuery
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#show').click(function(){
$('#demo').collapse('show');
});
$('#hide').click(function(){
$('#demo').collapse('hide');
});
});