You are not using the asset pipeline - you are not using the fingerprinted, cached version of the files. To use the asset pipeline, you need to use the new helpers that point to the fingerprinted, cached version of the files. To do this, either embed erb in your css, or use sass. I'll use sass in my example:
Incorrect (doesn't use the asset pipeline):
.class
background-image: url('image.jpg')
Correct (uses the asset pipeline):
.class
background-image: image-url('image.jpg')
Further reading: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html#coding-links-to-assets