ServletContextListener execution order

Question 1

If you want to execute listeners in a particular order, you should use deployment descriptor to define them.

Below statements are copied from Servlet Specification:

8.2.3:

If the order in which the listeners, servlets, filters are invoked is important to an application then a deployment descriptor must be used. When using annotations to define the listeners, servlets and filters, the order in which they are invoked is unspecified.

The ordering will be based on the order in which they are defined in the descriptor and on the absolute-ordering element in the web.xml or an ordering element in the web-fragment.xml.

Prior to this release of the specification (Java™ Servlet Specification, version 3), context listeners were invoked in random order. As of Servlet 3.0, the listeners are invoked in the order in which they are declared in the web.xml.

Implementations of javax.servlet.ServletContextListener are invoked at their contextInitialized method in the order in which they have been declared, and at their contextDestroyed method in reverse order.

If you have multiple ServletContextListeners and some of them are declared in deployment descriptor and others with annotation, then its the listeners defined in web.xml that will get the precedence. Below statement is copied from the same section (8.2.3) of servlet specification:

Configuration specified in the main web.xml or a web fragment takes precedence over the configuration specified via annotations.

Question 2

It seems you know the order of execution but you want to know what will it be if some listeners are declared in deployment descriptor and some using annotation so the preference is taken by deployment descriptor and then annotation.

Note the constructors of all listeners will be called first in order of deployment descriptor & then annotation and then the life cycle methods in same order.