Note: this is the answer I posted for (and that was accepted for) the same question on answers.semanticweb.com, Add new individuals to an ontology.
You would typically create a new ontology that imports the original (so that you have declarations of the classes, properties, etc.), and then declare your individual in the new ontology. For instance,
pet-import (http://example.org/pet-import
)
@prefix : <http://example.org/pet-import#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
:Pet a owl:Class .
<http://example.org/pet-import>
a owl:Ontology .
my-pets (http://example.org/my-pets
)
@prefix : <http://example.org/my-pets#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
<http://example.org/my-pets>
a owl:Ontology ;
owl:imports <http://example.org/pet-import> .
:Cookie a owl:NamedIndividual , <http://example.org/pet-import#Pet> .