I don't think use the reads as the key is good idea, what if you got exactly the same read. But any way if you want to do it:
In [9]:
with open('temp.fastq') as f:
lines=f.readlines()
head=[item[:-1] for item in lines[::4]] #get rid of '\n'
read=[item[:-1] for item in lines[1::4]]
qual=[item[:-1] for item in lines[3::4]]
dict(zip(read, qual))
Out[9]:
{'AAAACATCAGTATCCATCAGGATCAGTTTGGAAAGGGAGAGGCAATTTTTCCTAAACATGTGTTCAAATGGTCTGAGACAGACGTTAAAATGAAAAGGGG': '\\\\YYWX\\PX^YT[TVYaTY]^\\^H\\`^`a`\\UZU__TTbSbb^\\a^^^`[GOVVXLXMV[Y_^a^BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB',
'CTGAGTAAATCATATACTCAATGATTTTTTTATGTGTGTGCATGTGTGCTGTTGATATTCTTCAGTACCAAAACCCATCATCTTATTTGCATAGGGAAGT': 'fff^fd\\c^d^Ycac`dcdcded`effdfedb]beeeeecd^ddccdddddfff`eaeeeffdTecacaLV[QRPa\\\\a\\`]aY]ZZ[XYcccYcZ\\\\]Y',
'CTGCCAGCACGCTGTCACCTCTCAATAACAGTGAGTGTAATGGCCATACTCTTGATTTGGTTTTTGCCTTATGAATCAGTGGCTAAAAATATTATTTAAT': 'deeee`bbcddddad\\bbbbeee\\ecYZcc^dd^ddd\\\\`]``L`ccabaVJ`MZ^aaYMbbb__PYWY]RWNUUab`Y`BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB',
'TTAGAAACTATGGGATTATTCACTCCCTAGGTACTGAGAATGGAAACTTTCTTTGCCTTAATCGTTGACATCCCCTCTTTTAGGTTCTTGCTTCCTAACA': 'ee^e^\\`ad`eeee\\dd\\ddddYeebdd\\ddaYbdcYc`\\bac^YX[V^\\Ybb]]^bdbaZ]ZZ\\^K\\^]VPNME][`_``Ubb_bYddZbbbYbbYT^_'}