You can use ldd
to list shared libraries needed by an executable. I don't have qemu installed at my system, but here is an example for ifconfig:
$ ldd /sbin/ifconfig
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff50ffe000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fb960021000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fb96040e000)
From here you can search the package containing files with the apt-file
command:
$ apt-file search ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
libc6: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
libc6: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
Make sure you install the packages listed.
(FYI: ldd
will also tell you which libraries are missing.)