you are passing data in wrong syntax and always add success function, and also always add error handling function as well, so that you can know if ajax call is failed from server side.
do like this:
var preloadLeft;
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: 'code/submit/submitGetUserData.php',
data: {id: right1},
success:function(jqXHR,status){
preloadLeft = new Image();
preloadRight.src = jqXHR.responseText;
console.log('src='.preloadRight.src);
},
error: function(){
alert("error occured");
}
});